ABSTRACT
Background: Endometrial carcinoma is the fourth most common cancer in females and the most common malignancy of the female reproductive tract. The prognosis of endometrial carcinoma depends on a number of factors, including stage, depth of myometrial invasion, lympho-vascular invasion, nodal status and histologic grade. Preoperative assessment with MRI is essential for planning surgery and lymph node sampling. The objectives of this study were to determine the myometrial invasion of endometrial carcinoma by MRI and to obtain histopathology in surgically resected specimen, to compare the MRI findings of myometrial invasion in endometrial carcinoma with histopathology in respectable cases.Methods: Authors analyzed 41 cases in whom, histopathological diagnosis of carcinoma endometrium was established by means of pre-treatment biopsy. Consenting patients were taken up for preoperative MRI FIGO staging. MR images were reviewed for parameters like depth of myometrial invasion. Further surgical management followed by histopathological FIGO staging was done.Results: The study showed MRI was highly sensitive and specific tool for identifying depth of myometrial invasion, cervical invasion, serosal invasion, vaginal and parametrial invasion.Conclusions: There was statistically significant difference between histopathological and MRI assessment of local invasion of endometrial carcinoma.
ABSTRACT
Background: Variant branching patterns of the aortic arch are not infrequent but are commonly under reported. This study was conducted to determine the spectrum of Variant branching pattern of aortic arch and their prevalence using contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images of the cases from a tertiary care centre.Methods: Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) images of aortic arch region from 1116(629 male and 487 female) cases from 18 to 85 years of age were examined retrospectively. The images were reviewed for normal and variant anatomy of aortic arch and the results were analyzed statistically.Results: Of 1116 patients, 878 (78.6%) cases showed normal and 238 (21.3%) cases had variant branching pattern of the aortic arch. The most common variation was the common origin of brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) and the left common carotid artery (LCCA) which was observed in 160 (14.3%) cases. In 8 (0.7%) cases, BCT and LCCA took origin from a single common trunk arising from the aortic arch. In 60(5.4%) cases, the left vertebral artery (LVA) originated directly from the aortic arch between the origin of the LCCA and left subclavian artery (SCA). 8 (0.7%) cases had aberrant right subclavian artery. Two (0.2%) cases showed right aortic arch.Conclusions: Interventional radiologists and surgeons should be well aware of variant anatomy of aortic arch. Contrast CT is a highly reliable imaging method for demonstrating anatomical features and variations of the arch.